AP  European History
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    • Unit 1: c. 1450 - c. 1648 >
      • Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages
      • Chapter 12: Recovery and Rebirth...Renaissance
      • Chapter 13: Reformation
      • Chapter 14: Europe and the World
      • Chapter 15: State Building and the Search for Order
    • Unit 2: c. 1648 - c. 1815 >
      • Chapter 16: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth
      • Chapter 17: The Eighteenth Century...Enlightenment
      • Chapter 18: The Eighteenth Century...States...Wars...Social Change
      • Chapter 19: A Revolution in Politics
    • Unit 3: c. 1815 - c. 1914 >
      • Chapter 20: The Industrial Revolution
      • Chapter 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism
      • Chapter 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism
      • Chapter 23: Mass Society in the "Age of Progress"
      • Chapter 24: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety and Imperialism
    • Unit 4: c. 1914 - Present >
      • Chapter 25: The Beginning of the Twentieth Century
      • Chapter 26: The Futile Search for Stability
      • Chapter 27: The Deepening of the European Crisis
      • Chapter 28: Cold War and a New Western World
      • Chapter 29: Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985
      • Chapter 30: After the Fall: The Western World in the Global Age
  • Art History
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  • Unit 1 Test Prep
  • Unit 2 Test Prep
  • Unit 3 Test Prep
  • Unit 4 Test Prep

Art History

Trends in Europe from 1450-Present

Here are the trends, characteristics, and key artists for artistic trends from Renaissance art to Surrealism

Click here for Chris Haynes's PowerPoint on Art History
Renaissance
Place:  Begins in Italian city-states like Florence, but spreads North
Connected to:  Europe is recovering from the Black Death, Italian city-states are wealthy because of trade and the rise of the banking industry.
Renaissance Art Characteristics:
  • Perspective- create the illusion of depth on a flat 2D surface
  • Chiaroscuro-blending of light and shade
  • Linear – flat/rigid figures arranged on a horizontal line
  • Classical forms – inspired by Greeks and Romans
Christian subjects- did not completely abandon the Christian themes of the Middle Ages
Renaissance artists:
Italian
  • Leonardo Da Vinci – Mono Lisa
  • Michelangelo – David, Sistine Chapel
  • Raphael- School of Athens
Northern
  • Jan van Eyck – The Arnolfini Wedding
  • Albrecht Durer – woodcuts and self portraits
  • Hans Holbein the Younger – the portraits of Henry VIII and Thomas More
Baroque
Baroque Characteristics:
  • Tenebrism- Dramatic use of light and Dark
  • Focus on Dramatic Moments
  • Everyday people portrayed, and NOT in an idealized form
  • Architecture includes large scale and ornate decorations (think Versailles)
Baroque Artists:
  • Bernini- Baldachino
  • Cravaggio – The Calling of St. Matthew
  • Gentilischi- Judith Slaying the Holofernes
Rococo
Rococo Characteristics:
  • Reached popularity during the reign of Louis XV (1715-1774)
  • Light-hearted….”Nobles at play”
  • Light colored pastels
  • Architecture – highly decorated interior ceilings
Rococo Artists:
  • Watteau- Pilgrimage to Cythera
  • Boucher – Cupid a Captive
  • Fragonard – The Swing
Neoclassical Art
Neoclassical Art Characteristics:
  • Supplanted Rococo in the 1780s
  • Key figures depicted as classical heroes
  • Portrayed virtues of self-sacrifice and devotion to the state
  • Emphasized Greek ideals of restraint, simplicity, and symmetry
Neoclassical Artists:
  • Jacques-Louis David- Oath of Horatii
  • Jean-Antoine Houdon – Voltaire Seated
  • Thomas Jefferson – Monticello
Romanticism: 1815-1848
Romantic Characteristics:
  • First half of the 19th century (Industrial Revolution?)
  • The primacy of emotion – rejected reason (The Enlightenment) and stressed emotion, intuition, and feelings
  • Looked to medieval period for models of chivalrous heroes, miraculous events and unsolved mysteries as opposed to looking to the classical age (like the Enlightenment)
  • Prefer to contemplate the beauty of nature:  raging rivers, storms, mountains veiled in mist.  This is contrary to the view of nature as a well ordered machine (like how Enlightenment thinkers saw it).
Romantic Artists:
  • Caspar David Friedrich – Wanderer Above the Mist
  • Eugene Delcroix – Liberty Leading the People
  • John Constable- the Hay Wain
Romantic Writers:
  • Victor Hugo- The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Les Miserables
  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe – Faust
  • Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm- Grimm’s Fairy Tales
Composers:
  • Ludwig van Beethoven-Ninth Symphony
  • Richard Wagner- Valkyrie
Modern Art
Impressionism
Impressionism Characteristics:
  • Captured a moment in time (slice of life)
  • Interested in the fleeting activities of light and color
  • Depicted leisure activities of the Parisian bourgeoisie (Middle Class)
Impressionists
  • Claude Monet- Impression Sunrise, Gare St.-Lazare
  • Pierre-Auguste Renoir- Le Bal Au Moulin de la Galette, Lunchion of the Boating Party
 
Cubism
Cubism Characteristics:
  • Presented multiple views of the same object
  • Fragmented forms into flat, jagged shapes
  • Portrayed flat, two-dimensional space without traditional linear perspective
Cubism Artists:
  • Pablo Picasso- Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, Guernica
  • Georges Braque- Violin and Candlestick
Surrealism
Surrealism Characteristics:
  • Depicts the world of the unconscious minds as revealed in dreams and fantasies
  • Reveals the influence of Freudian psychology
  • Strange objects and symbols that express the inner mind
Surrealism Artists:
  • Giorgio de Chirico- The Song of Love
  • Salvador Dali- The Persistence of Memory
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  • Home
  • Blog
  • Course Documents
  • Chapter Resources
    • Unit 1: c. 1450 - c. 1648 >
      • Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages
      • Chapter 12: Recovery and Rebirth...Renaissance
      • Chapter 13: Reformation
      • Chapter 14: Europe and the World
      • Chapter 15: State Building and the Search for Order
    • Unit 2: c. 1648 - c. 1815 >
      • Chapter 16: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth
      • Chapter 17: The Eighteenth Century...Enlightenment
      • Chapter 18: The Eighteenth Century...States...Wars...Social Change
      • Chapter 19: A Revolution in Politics
    • Unit 3: c. 1815 - c. 1914 >
      • Chapter 20: The Industrial Revolution
      • Chapter 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism
      • Chapter 22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism
      • Chapter 23: Mass Society in the "Age of Progress"
      • Chapter 24: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety and Imperialism
    • Unit 4: c. 1914 - Present >
      • Chapter 25: The Beginning of the Twentieth Century
      • Chapter 26: The Futile Search for Stability
      • Chapter 27: The Deepening of the European Crisis
      • Chapter 28: Cold War and a New Western World
      • Chapter 29: Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985
      • Chapter 30: After the Fall: The Western World in the Global Age
  • Art History
  • Calendar
  • Useful Links
  • Unit 1 Test Prep
  • Unit 2 Test Prep
  • Unit 3 Test Prep
  • Unit 4 Test Prep